Situations

Let's see now the different options that we have when using the phone Notice that all the

questions and exclamations in Spanish are written also with opening sign. EN EL TELEFONO

¿Diga? Hello? (tell me?) -Hola, buenos días. ¿Puedo hablar con el Señor García por favor? Hello

good morning. Can I speak with Mr. García please? (always THE Mr. Garcia) 1.No, lo siento, en

este momento el Sr. García no está No, I am sorry, Mr. García isn't here right now ( in this

moment) 2. Si, un momento por favor Yes, one moment please 3. El Sr. García está en una

reunion en este momento, ¿quiere dejar un mensaje? Mr. García is in a meeting right now, do

you want to leave a message? No gracias, prefiero llamar más tarde No thanks, I prefer to call

again later (PREFERIR = TO PREFER, LLAMAR = TO CALL (me llamo, my name is). Now

we are the ones receiving a call... Hola ¿está Sara? Hi, is Sara home? (Literal = Hi, is Sara?)

1. No, se ha equivocado de número No, you have the wrong number i Ah ! lo siento... Ah!

sorry 2. No, Sara no está, volverá en quince minutos No, Sara isn't here she will be back in 15

minutos. The rest of the phrases will be the same as for Mr. Garcia (he isn't here, he is in some

place, do you wanna leave a message etc.) Now let's alalize: - Se ha equivocado = Literally this

means " You have wronged yourself" Equivocarse is to make a mistake, but you can also make

another person to commit a mistake, that's why it's reflexive -SE. - The best way to ask for

somebody in a company, or when calling to some place is with "Puedo hablar con..." (may I speak

with). -We say "lo siento" when the person is not in the place to apologize, but in a soft way

because we didn't do anything really... it's not our fault that the person isn't there.

DEMOSTRATIVOS

Este = This (masc.)

Estes = These (masc. plur.)

Esta = This (fem.) Estas = These (fem. plur.)

Ese = That (masc.) Eses = Those (masc. plur.)

Esa = That (fem.) Esas = Those (fem. plur.)

Aquel = That other (masc.)

Aquellos = Those others (masc. plur.)Aquella = That other (fem.)

Aquellas = Those others (fem. plur.)

In Spanish we have 3 degrees for the demonstratives, you can develop your conversation only

with This (este) and That (ese) like in English. However, aquel is also used for things that are

very far away.

Example : Tiempo = time

21st century = En estes tiempos... (nowadays, in these times...)

19th century = En eses tiempos... (In those times...)

13th century = En aquellos tiempos... (In those times, in those distant times...)

As you can see, "aquel" is for things that are more far away than just "ese"

Needless to say that as everything else in Spanish, the demonstratives have also gender (fem.

masc.) and number (sing. plur.) depending on the name that they go with.

EXAMPLES

Este libro (this book), Esta casa (this house), Estas playas (these beaches), Estes amigos (these

friends), esta pared (this wall).

VOCABULARY

Here we have words of different fields, we will need them all, so try to remember as many as

possible (write down the ones you don't remember in notes, to study them when you are in the

bus or when you have some free time).

Calle = Street Plaza = Square Pueblo = Village

Ciudad = City Pa ís = Country Mundo = World

Comida = Food Bebida = Drink Cuchillo = Knive

Tenedor = Fork Cuchara = Spoon Plato = Plate

Vaso = Glass Copa = Glass (wine/whisky) Taza = Cup

Mantel = tablecloth Cucharilla = teaspoon Playa = beach

Campo = Forest Cine = Cinema Fiesta = Party

Tienda = shop Casa = house Edificio = Building

Piso = Flat Suelo = Floor Techo = ceiling

Pared = wall Habitación = room Dormitorio = bedroom

Baño = toilet / bathroom Servicio = toilet Cocina = kitchen

Sala = living room Sala de estar = living room Salón = living room

Balcón = Balcony Pasillo = corridor / aisle Tejado = roof

Sótano = basement Tendedero = drying area Entrada = entrance

Lesson Eight: First Verbs And Prepositions

SER = TO BE (for things that don't change) Yo soy = I am ESTAR = TO BE (for

things



that change) Yo estoy = I am TENER = TO HAVE (only for



posession) Yo tengo = I have HABER = TO HAVE (as an auxiliary I



have gone) Yo he = I have COMER = TO EAT



Yo como = I eat BEBER = TO DRINK Yo bebo = I drink



QUERER = TO WANT Yo quiero = I want GUSTAR = TO LIKE (it's



reflexive "It's liked by me") Me gusta = I like PODER = TO CAN/ TO BE



ABLE Yo puedo = I can CREER = TO BELIEVE/ TO THINK (in opinions) Yo creo = I

believe

DORMIR = TO SLEEP Yo duermo = I sleep

NADAR = TO SWIM Yo nado = I swim

VIVIR = TO LIVE Yo vivo = I live.


The verbs in Spanish have 3 posible endings, AR ER IR, if they are regulars they will

follow the same conjugation depending of the ending.

PREPOSITIONS

A = to CONTRA = against DEBAJO = Under DE = of / from CON = With



DESDE = from EN = in ENTRE = between HACIA = towards HASTA =



until/till PARA = for POR = by SEGúN = according to SIN = without



SOBRE = over/about


The infinitive of the verbs we can use with these expressions we know: Me gusta (I like)


Quiero (I want) Tengo (I have) Debo (I must) Me gusta comer = I like to eat



Quiero beber = I want to drink Debo dormir = I must sleep Tengo que nadar = I have to



swim


In this phrase the word QUE is translated like THAT



We can also put the prepositions making already long phrases: Me gusta ir a la playa

desde mi



casa para nadar = I like to go to the beach from my house to swim. Quiero comer en

una mesa



grande y estar con mis amigos = I want to eat in a big table and be with my friends

Tengo que



vivir en España y creo que el país me gusta = I have to live in Spain and I think I like

the country. Segun mi amigo, en mi casa no tengo puertas bonitas = According to my


friend in my house I don't have beautiful doors. Estoy contento por el nuevo trabajo


de Javier, Javier es muy simpatico = I am happy for the new job of Javier, Javier is


very nice.

Lesson Seven: Adjetivos (adjectives)

ADJECTIVES

Contento = Happy (Glad) Triste = sad

Fuerte = Strong Debil = weak

Alto = high/tall (people and things) Bajo = short/low

Grande = Big Peque ño = small/little

R ápido = fast Lento = slow

Interesante = Interesting Aburrido = boring

Guapo = handsome/pretty Feo = ugly (things/people)

Bonito = pretty/beautiful (for things)

Agradable = nice/agreeable Desagradable = Disgusting

Simp ático = nice/funny Antip ático = Antipathic/rude

Gordo = Fat Delgado = thin/slim

Rico = rich Pobre = poor

Enfermo = ill/sick Sano = healthy

Caro = expensive Barato = cheap

Ligero = light Pesado = heavy

Fácil = easy Difícil = difficult

Sencillo = easy Complicado = Complicated

Lleno = full Vacío = empty

Largo = long Corto = short

Listo = clever Tonto = fool/silly

Inteligente = intelligent

Claro = clear/light Oscuro = dark

Nuevo = New Viejo = old

We have seen already how the adjectives go after the name ( casa roja = right / roja casa =

wrong). This will always be like this except with this 2 exceptions;

-In literary works, songs and poetry they use the adjectives first as an accepted resource, but it

will be strange if we use in conversation lines taken from Don Quijote.

-With the adjectives Bueno = Good Malo = bad Nuevo= new (this can go before or after)

the correct way is to put them first if they don't go with any adverb.

Es un buen libro = It's a good book Es una mala película = It's a bad movie

Es un libro muy bueno= It's a very good book

When we add muy (very) is better to put the adjective "bueno" in the end because the phrase

sounds more natural.

Notice how the masculine loses the O. Buen libro, Mal libro.

PRACTICAL PART

Here are some phrases, some of these words we have seen, some of them are new. Write the

new ones in your notebook and notice how your vocabulary grows.

Hola, buenos días. Me llamo Jorge, tengo veintiocho años . Me gustan las películas de acción.

También me gusta conocer gente de paises diferentes. Puedo hablar inglés y español .

Tengo que hablar con tu amigo Antonio, es muy importante. Mi coche está en su casa y no quiero

ir en bus al trabajo.

El lunes hay una fiesta en casa de Mar ía. Me gusta María, es muy divertida, tambien es muy

guapa. Pero hay un problema, ella no me conoce. No puedo hablar con ella... no es fácil hablar con

una chica así.

¡ Hola Sergio ! Estoy en Washington. Me gusta la casa blanca. En el restaurante hay pollo con

tomate.

Tengo veintiocho a ños = I am 28 years old (In spanish you "have" these 28 years)

De = of tambi én = also/too gente = people (in spanish people is singular) la gente es

Agradable (instead of la gente son ) Que = what/that (we will study this word later) Muy =

very IR = the verb TO GO in infinitive AL = contraction of A EL (to the) Trabajo = work

(verb and action) EN= IN EL LUNES= ON MONDAY HAY= there is/there are

Me conoce= knows me (we will see this later)

Don't worry if you didn't understand most of the text, right now we are only building our

vocabulary.

When we have A + EL or DE + EL we contract into AL and DEL. Remember it.

Lesson Five: More Expressions

More words for our vocabulary

Fem: Mesa= table Silla= chair Puerta= door Ventana= window Pared= wall

Masc: Horno= oven Queso= cheese Perro= dog Pollo= Chicken Amigo= friend

What does it mean?....

Me gusta la casa blanca= I like the white house

Necesito llamar a Sergio= I need to call Sergio

Me gustan los libros amarillos= I like the yellow books

El horno es blanco= The oven is white

Los perros son marrones= The dogs are brown

Tengo el telefono de un amigo de Alfredo= I have the phone of a friend of Alfredo.

Las sillas de mi casa son grises= The chairs of my house are grey

Me gusta el pollo del restaurante de mi amigo= I like the chicken of the restaurant of my friend.

The preposition OF in Spanish is DE. When we have DE + EL we contract it in DEL

We already know about the gender, the plural, colours, days of the week and we begin to see the

logic of simple phrases.

VOCABULARY

Bus = Bus Barco = Ship Avion = Plane Coche = Car

Hombre = man Mujer = Woman Chico = Boy Chica = Girl

Niño = little boy Niña = little girl Jefe = Boss Policía = Police

Padre = Father Madre = Mother Hijo = son Hija = daughter

Hermano = brother Hermana = sister Primo = cousin Prima = cousin (fem.)

Abuelo = grandfather Nieto = grandson Abuela = Grandmother Nieta = Grandaughter

Tío = uncle Tía = aunt Pa = dad Ma = mom

Mi padre es un policía = My father is a policeman

Tengo un hermano en Australia = I have a brother in Australia

El coche de mi abuelo es gris = The car of my grandfather is grey

Los trenes en España son amarillos = The trains in Spain are yellow

Tengo un barco verde, mi jefe tiene uno rojo = I have a green ship, my boss has a red one

Funny Video

Watch this funny video. Try to understand what the speakers say, then write a list of words that you understood. Enjoy it!





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LESSON FIVE: The Numbers

1 UNO 2 DOS 3 TRES 4 CUATRO 5 CINCO 6 SEIS

7 SIETE 8 OCHO 9 NUEVE 10 DIEZ 11 ONCE 12 DOCE

13 TRECE 14 CATORCE 15 QUINCE 16 DIECISEIS

17 DIECISIETE 18 DIECIOCHO 19 DIECINUEVE 20 VEINTE

21 VEINTIUNO 22 VEINTIDOS

After veinte, all the numbers will be made adding 1,2,3... (veintiuno, veintidos, veintitres etc.)

30 TREINTA 40 CUARENTA 50 CINCUENTA 60 SESENTA

70 SETENTA 80 OCHENTA 90 NOVENTA

After 30 numbers are written in 3 words, but formed exactly the same:

VEINTICUATRO (24) VEINTICINCO (25) TREINTA Y UNO (31) TREINTA Y SIETE

(37) CUARENTA Y OCHO (48) CINCUENTA Y NUEVE (59) NOVENTA Y TRES (93)

Now let´s see the hundreds, they also follow a pattern so they will be easy to form.

100 CIEN (when the number goes alone) 100 CIENTO... (when another number follows)

101 CIENTO UNO 104 CIENTO CUATRO 113 CIENTO TRECE 146 CIENTO

CUARENTA Y SEIS 175 CIENTO SETENTA Y CINCO 100 CIEN 139 CIENTO

TREINTA Y NUEVE 198 CIENTO NOVENTA Y OCHO 200 DOSCIENTOS 300

TRESCIENTOS 400 CUATROCIENTOS 500 QUINIENTOS 600 SEISCIENTOS

700 SETECIENTOS 800 OCHOCIENTOS 900 NOVECIENTOS

1000 MIL 2000 DOS MIL 3000 TRES MIL 4000 CUATRO MIL...

The thousands are totally regular, but remember they don´t have plural: 200 DOSCIENTOS IS CORRECT. 2000: DOS MILES IS WRONG (Dos mil is right) 1,000,000 UN MILLóN (remember LL is read like in John or James) 2,000,000 DOS MILLONES 3,000,000 TRES MILLONES...

EXAMPLES (EJEMPLOS)

45.007 CUARENTA Y CINCO MIL SIETE

322.515 TRESCIENTOS VEINTIDOS MIL QUINIENTOS QUINCE

One last thing. The European billion is the equivalent to one million of millions, have it in mind when you translate an ammount of money from English.
This is all there is to know about numbers. Notice when the numbers go separate or together.

LESSON FOUR: More words for our vocabulary

Fem: Mesa= table Silla= chair Puerta= door Ventana= window Pared= wall

Masc: Horno= oven Queso= cheese Perro= dog Pollo= Chicken Amigo= friend

What does it mean?....

Me gusta la casa blanca= I like the white house

Necesito llamar a Sergio= I need to call Sergio

Me gustan los libros amarillos= I like the yellow books

El horno es blanco= The oven is white

Los perros son marrones= The dogs are brown

Tengo el telefono de un amigo de Alfredo= I have the phone of a friend of Alfredo.

Las sillas de mi casa son grises= The chairs of my house are grey

Me gusta el pollo del restaurante de mi amigo= I like the chicken of the restaurant of my friend.

The preposition OF in Spanish is DE. When we have DE + EL we contract it in DEL

We already know about the gender, the plural, colours, days of the week and we begin to see the logic of simple phrases.

VOCABULARY

Bus = Bus Barco = Ship Avion = Plane Coche = Car

Hombre = man Mujer = Woman Chico = Boy Chica = Girl

Niño = little boy Niña = little girl Jefe = Boss Policía = Police

Padre = Father Madre = Mother Hijo = son Hija = daughter

Hermano = brother Hermana = sister Primo = cousin Prima = cousin (fem.)

Abuelo = grandfather Nieto = grandson Abuela = Grandmother Nieta = Grandaughter

Tío = uncle Tía = aunt Pa = dad Ma = mom

Mi padre es un policía = My father is a policeman

Tengo un hermano en Australia = I have a brother in Australia

El coche de mi abuelo es gris = The car of my grandfather is grey

Los trenes en España son amarillos = The trains in Spain are yellow

Tengo un barco verde, mi jefe tiene uno rojo = I have a green ship, my boss has a red one

Lesson 3: Basic Expressions

You already know some Spanish words, here are some international words that we can use also in Spanish.

Bar, Sandwich, Taxi, Parking, Manager, Marketing, Pub, Stress, Cafeteria (Cafe), Gas, ticket

also names of minerals and elements in Latin, sciences and medical specialities (Cardiologia,

Urologia etc...) it only changes slightly the end.

The words of Latin origin are changed very easily from English: Action= Accion,

Extraction= extraccion, constelation= constelacion etc.

Latin and greek adverbs such as Rarely, Purely, Naturally etc change into -amente.

Rarely= raramente Purely= puramente Naturally= naturalmente.

Latin expressions don´t change: Gratis, Pro forma, Quid pro quo.

The latin and greek prefixes and sufixes are also in Spanish:

Re= again Re-make= Rehacer (only changes the verb as its natural)

Anti= Against Antiterrorista Trans= through transporte etc.

Word finishing in the greek sufix -ist in English are in Spanish -ista (except for some exceptions like scientist).

Usually these words ending in T in English (latin-greek ones) come to Spanish as -Te

President= Presidente Important= Importante etc.

Words like Impact, Tact, Contact etc will be done like:

Impacto, Tacto, Contacto.

It will take you some time to identify these latin words in other languages, but once you know

the method, a phrase like "A taxi normally transports a person" would be "Un taxi

normalmente transporta una persona" .

Starting with the initial words.

. The days of the week from Monday to Sunday: Lunes (monday), Martes, Miercoles, Jueves, Viernes, Sabado, Domingo (sunday).

. The seasons: Primavera, Verano, Otoño, Invierno (Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter)

. The colours: Rojo (Red) Amarillo (Yellow) Naranja (orange) Verde (Green) Azul

(Blue) Marron (brown) Blanco (white) Negro (black) Gris (Grey)

The plural and gender of the colours: Rojo is masculine, to make the feminine we simply put an A

Roja= Red (feminine names) To make the feminine plural we put an S Rojas.

La casa= The house (finishes in A, so house is feminine)

La casa es roja= the house is red Las casas son rojas= the houses are red

ES= IS SON= ARE

Naranja already finishes in the masculine case in A, so we don´t have to change anything.

It´s the same for masculine and feminine.

El libro es naranja= the book is orange Una casa es naranja= a house is orange

For plural:

Los libros son naranjas= the books are orange Las casas son naranjas= the houses are orange

Verde finishes in E, another ending we don´t have to worry about, because it´s the same for

masculine and feminine.

Un libro verde La casa es verde Los libros son verdes Unas casas son verdes

Azul also doesn´t finish in O or A, so it also doesn´t change, notice how we make the plural

adding -ES, because it ends in a consonant (it would be very difficult to pronounce AZULS, so we

add an E, AZULES

This happens with all the plurals when there is a consonant in the end.

El libro es azul La casa es azul Los libros son azules Las casas son azules

Marron= Marrones (Las casas son marrones, Los libros son marrones)

Gris= Grises (Las casas son grises, los libros son grises) La casa es gris, El libro es gris.

Negro finishes in an O, it makes the feminine in A and the plural with S

Las casas negras= the black houses Unos libros negros= some black books