Situations

Let's see now the different options that we have when using the phone Notice that all the

questions and exclamations in Spanish are written also with opening sign. EN EL TELEFONO

¿Diga? Hello? (tell me?) -Hola, buenos días. ¿Puedo hablar con el Señor García por favor? Hello

good morning. Can I speak with Mr. García please? (always THE Mr. Garcia) 1.No, lo siento, en

este momento el Sr. García no está No, I am sorry, Mr. García isn't here right now ( in this

moment) 2. Si, un momento por favor Yes, one moment please 3. El Sr. García está en una

reunion en este momento, ¿quiere dejar un mensaje? Mr. García is in a meeting right now, do

you want to leave a message? No gracias, prefiero llamar más tarde No thanks, I prefer to call

again later (PREFERIR = TO PREFER, LLAMAR = TO CALL (me llamo, my name is). Now

we are the ones receiving a call... Hola ¿está Sara? Hi, is Sara home? (Literal = Hi, is Sara?)

1. No, se ha equivocado de número No, you have the wrong number i Ah ! lo siento... Ah!

sorry 2. No, Sara no está, volverá en quince minutos No, Sara isn't here she will be back in 15

minutos. The rest of the phrases will be the same as for Mr. Garcia (he isn't here, he is in some

place, do you wanna leave a message etc.) Now let's alalize: - Se ha equivocado = Literally this

means " You have wronged yourself" Equivocarse is to make a mistake, but you can also make

another person to commit a mistake, that's why it's reflexive -SE. - The best way to ask for

somebody in a company, or when calling to some place is with "Puedo hablar con..." (may I speak

with). -We say "lo siento" when the person is not in the place to apologize, but in a soft way

because we didn't do anything really... it's not our fault that the person isn't there.

DEMOSTRATIVOS

Este = This (masc.)

Estes = These (masc. plur.)

Esta = This (fem.) Estas = These (fem. plur.)

Ese = That (masc.) Eses = Those (masc. plur.)

Esa = That (fem.) Esas = Those (fem. plur.)

Aquel = That other (masc.)

Aquellos = Those others (masc. plur.)Aquella = That other (fem.)

Aquellas = Those others (fem. plur.)

In Spanish we have 3 degrees for the demonstratives, you can develop your conversation only

with This (este) and That (ese) like in English. However, aquel is also used for things that are

very far away.

Example : Tiempo = time

21st century = En estes tiempos... (nowadays, in these times...)

19th century = En eses tiempos... (In those times...)

13th century = En aquellos tiempos... (In those times, in those distant times...)

As you can see, "aquel" is for things that are more far away than just "ese"

Needless to say that as everything else in Spanish, the demonstratives have also gender (fem.

masc.) and number (sing. plur.) depending on the name that they go with.

EXAMPLES

Este libro (this book), Esta casa (this house), Estas playas (these beaches), Estes amigos (these

friends), esta pared (this wall).

VOCABULARY

Here we have words of different fields, we will need them all, so try to remember as many as

possible (write down the ones you don't remember in notes, to study them when you are in the

bus or when you have some free time).

Calle = Street Plaza = Square Pueblo = Village

Ciudad = City Pa ís = Country Mundo = World

Comida = Food Bebida = Drink Cuchillo = Knive

Tenedor = Fork Cuchara = Spoon Plato = Plate

Vaso = Glass Copa = Glass (wine/whisky) Taza = Cup

Mantel = tablecloth Cucharilla = teaspoon Playa = beach

Campo = Forest Cine = Cinema Fiesta = Party

Tienda = shop Casa = house Edificio = Building

Piso = Flat Suelo = Floor Techo = ceiling

Pared = wall Habitación = room Dormitorio = bedroom

Baño = toilet / bathroom Servicio = toilet Cocina = kitchen

Sala = living room Sala de estar = living room Salón = living room

Balcón = Balcony Pasillo = corridor / aisle Tejado = roof

Sótano = basement Tendedero = drying area Entrada = entrance

Lesson Eight: First Verbs And Prepositions

SER = TO BE (for things that don't change) Yo soy = I am ESTAR = TO BE (for

things



that change) Yo estoy = I am TENER = TO HAVE (only for



posession) Yo tengo = I have HABER = TO HAVE (as an auxiliary I



have gone) Yo he = I have COMER = TO EAT



Yo como = I eat BEBER = TO DRINK Yo bebo = I drink



QUERER = TO WANT Yo quiero = I want GUSTAR = TO LIKE (it's



reflexive "It's liked by me") Me gusta = I like PODER = TO CAN/ TO BE



ABLE Yo puedo = I can CREER = TO BELIEVE/ TO THINK (in opinions) Yo creo = I

believe

DORMIR = TO SLEEP Yo duermo = I sleep

NADAR = TO SWIM Yo nado = I swim

VIVIR = TO LIVE Yo vivo = I live.


The verbs in Spanish have 3 posible endings, AR ER IR, if they are regulars they will

follow the same conjugation depending of the ending.

PREPOSITIONS

A = to CONTRA = against DEBAJO = Under DE = of / from CON = With



DESDE = from EN = in ENTRE = between HACIA = towards HASTA =



until/till PARA = for POR = by SEGúN = according to SIN = without



SOBRE = over/about


The infinitive of the verbs we can use with these expressions we know: Me gusta (I like)


Quiero (I want) Tengo (I have) Debo (I must) Me gusta comer = I like to eat



Quiero beber = I want to drink Debo dormir = I must sleep Tengo que nadar = I have to



swim


In this phrase the word QUE is translated like THAT



We can also put the prepositions making already long phrases: Me gusta ir a la playa

desde mi



casa para nadar = I like to go to the beach from my house to swim. Quiero comer en

una mesa



grande y estar con mis amigos = I want to eat in a big table and be with my friends

Tengo que



vivir en España y creo que el país me gusta = I have to live in Spain and I think I like

the country. Segun mi amigo, en mi casa no tengo puertas bonitas = According to my


friend in my house I don't have beautiful doors. Estoy contento por el nuevo trabajo


de Javier, Javier es muy simpatico = I am happy for the new job of Javier, Javier is


very nice.

Lesson Seven: Adjetivos (adjectives)

ADJECTIVES

Contento = Happy (Glad) Triste = sad

Fuerte = Strong Debil = weak

Alto = high/tall (people and things) Bajo = short/low

Grande = Big Peque ño = small/little

R ápido = fast Lento = slow

Interesante = Interesting Aburrido = boring

Guapo = handsome/pretty Feo = ugly (things/people)

Bonito = pretty/beautiful (for things)

Agradable = nice/agreeable Desagradable = Disgusting

Simp ático = nice/funny Antip ático = Antipathic/rude

Gordo = Fat Delgado = thin/slim

Rico = rich Pobre = poor

Enfermo = ill/sick Sano = healthy

Caro = expensive Barato = cheap

Ligero = light Pesado = heavy

Fácil = easy Difícil = difficult

Sencillo = easy Complicado = Complicated

Lleno = full Vacío = empty

Largo = long Corto = short

Listo = clever Tonto = fool/silly

Inteligente = intelligent

Claro = clear/light Oscuro = dark

Nuevo = New Viejo = old

We have seen already how the adjectives go after the name ( casa roja = right / roja casa =

wrong). This will always be like this except with this 2 exceptions;

-In literary works, songs and poetry they use the adjectives first as an accepted resource, but it

will be strange if we use in conversation lines taken from Don Quijote.

-With the adjectives Bueno = Good Malo = bad Nuevo= new (this can go before or after)

the correct way is to put them first if they don't go with any adverb.

Es un buen libro = It's a good book Es una mala película = It's a bad movie

Es un libro muy bueno= It's a very good book

When we add muy (very) is better to put the adjective "bueno" in the end because the phrase

sounds more natural.

Notice how the masculine loses the O. Buen libro, Mal libro.

PRACTICAL PART

Here are some phrases, some of these words we have seen, some of them are new. Write the

new ones in your notebook and notice how your vocabulary grows.

Hola, buenos días. Me llamo Jorge, tengo veintiocho años . Me gustan las películas de acción.

También me gusta conocer gente de paises diferentes. Puedo hablar inglés y español .

Tengo que hablar con tu amigo Antonio, es muy importante. Mi coche está en su casa y no quiero

ir en bus al trabajo.

El lunes hay una fiesta en casa de Mar ía. Me gusta María, es muy divertida, tambien es muy

guapa. Pero hay un problema, ella no me conoce. No puedo hablar con ella... no es fácil hablar con

una chica así.

¡ Hola Sergio ! Estoy en Washington. Me gusta la casa blanca. En el restaurante hay pollo con

tomate.

Tengo veintiocho a ños = I am 28 years old (In spanish you "have" these 28 years)

De = of tambi én = also/too gente = people (in spanish people is singular) la gente es

Agradable (instead of la gente son ) Que = what/that (we will study this word later) Muy =

very IR = the verb TO GO in infinitive AL = contraction of A EL (to the) Trabajo = work

(verb and action) EN= IN EL LUNES= ON MONDAY HAY= there is/there are

Me conoce= knows me (we will see this later)

Don't worry if you didn't understand most of the text, right now we are only building our

vocabulary.

When we have A + EL or DE + EL we contract into AL and DEL. Remember it.

Lesson Five: More Expressions

More words for our vocabulary

Fem: Mesa= table Silla= chair Puerta= door Ventana= window Pared= wall

Masc: Horno= oven Queso= cheese Perro= dog Pollo= Chicken Amigo= friend

What does it mean?....

Me gusta la casa blanca= I like the white house

Necesito llamar a Sergio= I need to call Sergio

Me gustan los libros amarillos= I like the yellow books

El horno es blanco= The oven is white

Los perros son marrones= The dogs are brown

Tengo el telefono de un amigo de Alfredo= I have the phone of a friend of Alfredo.

Las sillas de mi casa son grises= The chairs of my house are grey

Me gusta el pollo del restaurante de mi amigo= I like the chicken of the restaurant of my friend.

The preposition OF in Spanish is DE. When we have DE + EL we contract it in DEL

We already know about the gender, the plural, colours, days of the week and we begin to see the

logic of simple phrases.

VOCABULARY

Bus = Bus Barco = Ship Avion = Plane Coche = Car

Hombre = man Mujer = Woman Chico = Boy Chica = Girl

Niño = little boy Niña = little girl Jefe = Boss Policía = Police

Padre = Father Madre = Mother Hijo = son Hija = daughter

Hermano = brother Hermana = sister Primo = cousin Prima = cousin (fem.)

Abuelo = grandfather Nieto = grandson Abuela = Grandmother Nieta = Grandaughter

Tío = uncle Tía = aunt Pa = dad Ma = mom

Mi padre es un policía = My father is a policeman

Tengo un hermano en Australia = I have a brother in Australia

El coche de mi abuelo es gris = The car of my grandfather is grey

Los trenes en España son amarillos = The trains in Spain are yellow

Tengo un barco verde, mi jefe tiene uno rojo = I have a green ship, my boss has a red one

Lesson Two: Basic Words and Expressions

Hola= Hello (remember H doesn´t have any sound)
Adios= Bye
Gracias= Thanks
Por favor= Please (V sounds like B)
Buenos dias= Good morning
Buenas tardes= Good evening
Buenas noches= Good night
Me llamo Francisco= I am called Francisco
Soy Francisco= I am Francisco
Mi nombre es Francisco= My name is Francisco
Encantado de conocerte= Pleased to meet you
SI= YES - IF
NO= NO

Let´s analize: You should pronounce the C in Gracias as we showed you ("Thin" thought") Soy Francisco starts already with the verb, not with a pronoun (Yo soy Francisco), this is because in Spanish the verbs have endings and we know who is the subject of the action without the need of pronouns.

Mi nombre es, Mi is the first posesive pronoun (My in english) .
Encantado= pleased ADO and IDO are the past particles, like the english ending -ED (Played or Cooked)

Conocerte= To know YOU, The verb `To know" in infinitive is CONOCER if we add this TE at the end the action goes to YOU (To know YOU)

Bueno= Good, Buenos= Good in plural. The adjectives in Spanish are formed also in plural adding an -S We saw in the alphabet Gato (cat) and casa (House) The plurals would be Gatos (cats) and Casas (houses).Dias means "days" (so literally Buenos dias= Good days!)

Me llamo= LLAMAR would be the verb TO CALL Yo llamo= I call, Yo me llamo= I call myself or I am called.This explanations are meant to be a soft introduction, nobody expects you to understand the structure of the phrases in the very first class, so...don´t worry, go on reading without stress

J.ARTICLES In Spanish there are articles like in English for determined (The house) and undetermined (A house)

The articles are:UN LIBRO (A book) UNOS LIBROS (Some books) MASC. INDETERMINEDUNA CASA (A house) UNAS CASAS (Some houses)

FEM.There is gender in Spanish for the words, Libro is masculine finishes in O, Casa is feminine finishes in A.Almost all the words finishing in O are masculine, and almost all the words finishing in A are feminine. EL LIBRO (The book) LOS LIBROS (The books) MASC. DETERMINEDLA CASA (The house) LAS CASAS (The houses) FEM.

Try to put the articles to "GATOS" in a paper, go on reading to find the solution...

BASIC PHRASES

Me gusta= I like (it´s liked by me)
Me gustan= I like (for plural)
Quiero= I want
Tengo= I have
Debo= I must

The first person of regular verbs finish always in O (tengo, quiero etc.)
Los Gatos (determined) Unos gatos ( indetermined)

Tengo una casa= I have a house
Quiero el libro en mi casa= I want the book in my house
Me gusta mi casa= I like my house
Me gusta mi nombre= I like my name
Tengo un dia complicado= I have a complicated day (we have seen already how -ED becomes ADO or IDO.
Los libros son buenos= The books are good.
Me gustan los libros= I like the books-

To make the negative we add NO always at the begining of the phrase
No me gustan los libros= I don´t like books
No quiero llamar a Juan= I don´t want to call John